One Friday Morning by Langston Hughes
One Friday Morning" was written by Langston Hughes, a noted Kansas author. It was published in 1952. Langston Hughes lived in Kansas during a part of his life and attended schools in Topeka and Lawrence. At that time, most African Americans attended segregated schools, but there were a few integrated schools in which blacks were enrolled. The custom of referring to African Americans by the terms "Negro" and "colored" was prevalent in 1952, and that custom is reflected in the story.
The thrilling news did not come directly to Nancy Lee, but it came in little
indirections that finally added themselves up to one tremendous fact: she
had won the prize! But being a calm and quiet young lady, she did not say
anything, although the whole high school buzzed with rumors, guesses,
reportedly authentic announcements on the part of students who had no right
to be making announcements at all - since no student really knew yet who had
won this year's art scholarship.
But Nancy Lee's drawing was so good, her lines so sure, her colors so bright
and harmonious, that certainly no other student in the senior art class at
George Washington High was thought to have very much of a chance. Yet you
never could tell. Last year nobody had expected Joe Williams to win the
Artist Club scholarship with that funny modernistic water color he had done
of the high-level bridge. In fact, it was hard to make out there was a
bridge until you had looked at the picture a long time. Still, Joe Williams
got the prize, was feted by the community's leading painters, club women,
and society folks at a big banquet at the Park-Rose Hotel, and was now an
award student at the Art School - the city's only art school.
Nancy Lee Johnson was a colored girl, a few years out of the South. But
seldom did her high-school classmates think of her as colored. She was
smart, pretty and brown, and fitted in well with the life of the school. She
stood high in scholarship, played a swell game of basketball, had taken part
in the senior musical in a soft, velvety voice, and had never seemed to
intrude or stand out except in pleasant ways so it was seldom even mentioned
- her color.
Nancy Lee sometimes forgot she was colored herself. She liked her classmates
and her school. Particularly she like her art teacher, Miss Dietrich, the
tall red-haired woman who taught her law and order in doing things; and the
beauty of working step by step until a job is done; a picture finished; a
design created; or a block print carved out of nothing but an idea and a
smooth square of linoleum, inked, proofs made, and finally put down on paper
- clean, sharp, beautiful, individual, unlike any other in the world, thus
making the paper have a meaning nobody else could give it except Nancy Lee.
That was the wonderful thing about true creation. You made something nobody
else on earth could make - but you.
Miss Dietrich was the kind of teacher who brought out the best in her
students - but their own best, not anybody else's copied best. For anybody
else's best, great though it might be, even Michelangelo's, wasn't enough to
please Miss Dietrich dealing with the creative impulses of young men and
women living in an American city in the Middle West, and being American.
Nancy Lee was proud of being American, a Negro American with blood out of
Africa a long time ago, too many generations back to count. But her parents
had taught her the beauties of Africa, its strength, its song, its mighty
rivers, its early smelting of iron, its building of pyramids, and its
ancient and important civilizations. And Miss Dietrich had discovered for
her the sharp and humorous lines of African sculpture, Benin, Congo,
Makonde. Nancy Lee's father was a mail carrier, her mother a social worker
in a city settlement house. Both parents had been to Negro colleges in the
South. And her mother had gotten a further degree in social work from a
Northern university. Her parents were, like most Americans, simple ordinary
people who had worked hard and steadily for their education. Now they were
trying to make it easier for Nancy Lee to achieve learning than it had been
for them. They would be very happy when they heard of the award to their
daughter - yet Nancy did not tell them. To surprise them would be better.
Besides, there had been a promise.
Casually one day, Miss Dietrich asked Nancy Lee what color frame she thought
would be best on her picture. That had been the first inkling.
"Blue," Nancy Lee said. Although the picture had been entered in the Artist
Club contest a month ago, Nancy Lee did not hesitate in her choice of color
for the possible frame since she could still see her picture clearly in her
mind's eye - for that picture waiting for the blue frame had come out of her
soul, her own life, and had bloomed into miraculous being with Miss
Dietrich's help. It was, she knew, the best water color she had painted in
her four years as a high-school art student, and she was glad she had made
something Miss Dietrich liked well enough to permit her to enter in the
contest before she graduated.
It was not a modernistic picture in the sense that you had to look at it a
long time to understand what it meant. It was just a simple scene in the
city park on a spring day with the trees still leaflessly lacy against the
sky, the new grass fresh and green, a flag on a tall pole in the center,
children playing, and an old Negro woman sitting on a bench with her head
turned. A lot for one picture, to be sure, but it was not there in heavy and
final detail like a calendar. Its charm was that everything was light and
airy, happy like spring, with a lot of blue sky, paper-white clouds, and air
showing through. You could tell that the old Negro woman was looking at the
flag, and that the flag was proud in the spring breeze, and that the breeze
helped to make the children's dresses billow as they played.
Miss Dietrich had taught Nancy Lee how to paint spring, people, and a breeze
on what was only a plain white piece of paper from the supply closet. But
Miss Dietrich had not said make it like any other spring-people-breeze ever
seen before. She let it remain Nancy Lee's own. That is how the old Negro
woman happened to be there looking at the flag - for in her mind the flag,
the spring, and the woman formed a kind of triangle holding a dream Nancy
Lee wanted to express. White stars on a blue field, spring, children,
ever-growing life, and an old woman. Would the judges at the Artist Club
like it?
One wet, rainy April afternoon Miss O'Shay, the girls' vice principal, sent
for Nancy Lee to stop by her office as school closed. Pupils without
umbrellas or raincoats were clustered in doorways hoping to make it home
between showers. Outside the skies were gray. Nancy Lee's thoughts were
suddenly gray, too.
She did not think she had done anything wrong, yet that tight little knot
came in her throat just the same as she approached Miss O'Shay's door.
Perhaps she had banged her locker too often and too hard. Perhaps the note
in French she had written to Sallie halfway across the study hall just for
fun had never gotten to Sallie but into Miss O'Shay's hands instead. Or
maybe she was failing in some subject and wouldn't be allowed to graduate.
Chemistry! A pang went through the pit of her stomach.
She knocked on Miss O'Shay's door. That familiarly solid and competent voice
said, "Come in."
Miss O'Shay had a way of making you feel welcome, even if you came to be
expelled.
"Sit down, Nancy Lee Johnson," said Miss O'Shay. "I have something to tell
you." Nancy Lee sat down. "But I must ask you to promise not to tell anyone
yet."
"I won't, Miss O'Shay," Nancy Lee said, wondering what on earth the
principal had to say to her.
"You are about to graduate," Miss O'Shay said. "And we shall miss you. You
have been an excellent student, Nancy, and you will not be without honors on
the senior list, as I am sure you know."
At that point there was a light knock on the door. Miss O'Shay called out,
"Come in," and Miss Dietrich entered. "May I be part of this too?" she
asked, tall and smiling.
"Of course," Miss O'Shay said. "I was just telling Nancy Lee what we thought
of her. But I hadn't gotten around to giving her the news. Perhaps, Miss
Dietrich, you'd like to tell her yourself."
Miss Dietrich was always direct. "Nancy Lee," she said, "your picture has
won the Artist Club scholarship."
The slender brown girl's eyes widened, her heart jumped, then her throat
tightened again. She tried to smile, but instead tears came to her eyes.
"Dear Nancy Lee," Miss O'Shay said, "we are so happy for you." The elderly
white woman took her hand and shook it warmly while Miss Dietrich beamed
with pride. Nancy Lee must have danced all the way home. She never
remembered quite how she got there through the rain. She hoped she had been
dignified. But certainly, she hadn't stopped to tell anybody her secret on
the way. Raindrops, smiles, and tears mingled on her brown cheeks. She hoped
her mother hadn't yet gotten home and that the house was empty. She wanted
to have time to calm down and look natural before she had to see anyone. She
didn't want to be bursting with excitement - having a secret to contain.
Miss O'Shay's calling her to the office had been in the nature of a
preparation and a warning. The kind, elderly vice-principal said she did not
believe in catching young ladies unawares, even with honors, so she wished
her to know about the coming award. In making acceptance speeches she wanted
her to be calm, prepared, not nervous, overcome, and frightened. So Nancy
Lee was asked to think what she would say when the scholarship was conferred
upon her a few days hence, both at the Friday morning high-school assembly
hour when the announcement would be made, and at the evening banquet of the
Artist Club. Nancy Lee promised the vice-principal to think calmly about
what she would say.
Miss Dietrich had then asked for some facts about her parents, her
background, and her life, since such material would probably be desired for
the papers. Nancy Lee had told her how six years before, they had come up
from the Deep South, her father having been successful in achieving a
transfer from one post office to another, a thing he had long sought in
order to give Nancy Lee a chance to go to school in the North. Now, they
lived in a modest Negro neighborhood, went to see the best plays when they
came to town, and had been saving to send Nancy Lee to art school, in case
she were permitted to enter. But the scholarship would help a great deal,
for they were not rich people.
"Now Mother can have a new coat next winter," Nancy Lee thought, "because my
tuition will be covered for the first year. And once in art school, there
are other scholarships I can win."
Dreams began to dance through her head, plans and ambitions, beauties she
would create for herself, her parents, and the Negro people - for Nancy Lee
possessed a deep and reverent race pride. She could see the old woman in her
picture (really her grandmother in the South) lifting her head to the bright
stars on the flag in the distance. A Negro in America! Often hurt,
discriminated against, sometimes lynched - but always there were the stars
on the blue body of the flag. Was there any other flag in the world that had
so many stars? Nancy Lee thought deeply but she could remember none in all
the encyclopedias or geographies she had ever looked into.
"Hitch your wagon to a star," Nancy Lee thought, dancing home in the rain.
"Who were our flag-makers?"
Friday morning came, the morning when the world would know - her high-school
world, the newspaper world, her mother and dad. Dad could not be there at
the assembly to hear the announcement, nor see her prize picture displayed
on the stage, nor listen to Nancy Lee's little speech of acceptance, but
Mother would be able to come, although Mother was much puzzled as to why
Nancy Lee was so insistent she be at school on that particular Friday
morning.
When something is happening, something new and fine, something that will
change your very life, it is hard to go to sleep at night for thinking about
it, and hard to keep your heart from pounding, or a strange little knot of
joy from gathering in your throat. Nancy Lee had taken her bath, brushed her
hair until it glowed, and had gone to bed thinking about the next day, the
big day when, before three thousand students, she would be the one student
honored, her painting the one painting to be acclaimed as the best of the
year from all the art classes of the city. Her short speech of gratitude was
ready. She went over it in her mind, not word for word (because she didn't
want it to sound as if she had learned it by heart) but she let the thoughts
flow simply and sincerely through her consciousness many times.
When the president of the Artist Club presented her with the medal and
scroll of the scholarship award, she would say:
"Judges and members of the Artist Club. I want to thank you for this award
that means so much to me personally and through me to my people, the colored
people of this city who, sometimes, are discouraged and bewildered, thinking
that color and poverty are against them. I accept this award with gratitude
and pride, not for myself alone, but for my race that believes in American
opportunity and American fairness - and bright stars in our flag. I thank
Miss Dietrich and the teachers who made it possible for me to have the
knowledge and training that lie behind this honor you have conferred upon my
painting. When I came here from the South a few years ago, I was not sure
how you would receive me. You received me well. You have given me a chance
and helped me along the road I wanted to follow. I suppose the judges know
that every week here at assembly the students of this school pledge
allegiance to the flag. I shall try to be worthy of that pledge, and of the
help and friendship and understanding of my fellow citizens of whatever race
or creed, and of our American dream of 'Liberty and justice for all!'" That
would be her response before the students in the morning. How proud and
happy the Negro pupils would be, perhaps almost as proud as they were of the
one colored star on the football team. Her mother would probably cry with
happiness. Thus Nancy Lee went to sleep dreaming of a wonderful tomorrow.
The bright sunlight of an April morning woke her. There was breakfast with
her parents - their half-amused and puzzled faces across the table,
wondering what could be this secret that made her eyes so bright. The swift
walk to school; the clock in the tower almost nine; hundreds of pupils
streaming into the long, rambling old building that was the city's largest
high school; the sudden quiet of the homeroom after the bell rang; then the
teacher opening her record book to call the roll. But just before she began,
she looked across the room until her eyes located Nancy Lee.
"Nancy," she said, "Miss O'Shay would like to see you in her office,
please."
Nancy Lee rose and went out while the names were being called and the word
present added its period to each name. Perhaps, Nancy Lee thought, the
reporters from the papers had already come. Maybe they wanted to take her
picture before assembly, which wasn't until ten o'clock. (Last year they had
had the photograph of the winner of the award in the morning papers as soon
as the announcement had been made.)
Nancy Lee knocked at Miss O'Shay's door.
"Come in."
The vice-principal stood at her desk. There was no one else in the room. It
was very quiet.
"Sit down, Nancy Lee," she said. Miss O'Shay did not smile. There was a long
pause. The seconds went by slowly. "I do not know how to tell you what I
have to say," the elderly woman began, her eyes on the papers on her desk.
"I am indignant and ashamed for myself and for this city." Then she lifted
her eyes and looked at Nancy Lee in the neat blue dress sitting there before
her. "You are not to receive the scholarship this morning."
Outside in the hall the electric bells announcing the first period rang,
loud and interminably long. Miss O'Shay remained silent. To the brown girl
there in the chair, the room grew suddenly smaller, smaller, smaller, and
there was no air. She could not speak.
Miss O'Shay said, "When the committee learned that you were colored, they
changed their plans."
Still Nancy Lee said nothing, for there was no air to give breath to her
lungs.
"Here is the letter from the committee, Nancy Lee." Miss O'Shay picked it up
and read the final paragraph to her.
"It seems to us wiser to arbitrarily rotate the award among the various high
schools of the city from now on. And especially in this case since the
student chosen happens to be colored, a circumstance which unfortunately,
had we known, might have prevented this embarrassment. But there have never
been any Negro students in the local art school, and the presence of one
there might create difficulties for all concerned. We have high regard for
the quality for Nancy Lee Johnson's talent, but we do not feel it would be
fair to honor it with the Artist Club award." Miss O'Shay paused. She
paused. She put the letter down.
"Nancy Lee, I am very sorry to have to give you this message."
"But my speech," Nancy Lee said, "was about..." The words stuck in her
throat. "...about America..."
Miss O'Shay had risen, she turned her back and stood looking out the window
at the spring tulips in the school yard.
"I thought, since the award would be made at assembly right after our oath
of allegiance," the words tumbled almost hysterically from Nancy Lee's
throat now, "I would put part of the flag salute in my speech. You know,
Miss O'Shay, that part of 'liberty and justice for all.'"
"I know," said Miss O'Shay slowly facing the room again. "But America is
only what we who believe in it, make it. I am Irish. You may not know, Nancy
Lee, but years ago we were called the dirty Irish, and mobs rioted against
us in the big cities, and we were invited to go back where we came from. But
we didn't go. And we didn't give up, because we believed in the American
dream, and in our power to make that dream come true. Difficulties, yes.
Mountains to climb, yes. Discouragements to face, yes. Democracy to make,
yes. That is it, Nancy Lee! We still have in this world of ours democracy to
make. You and I, Nancy Lee. But the premise and the base are here, the lines
of the Declaration of Independence and the words of Lincoln are here, and
the stars in our flag. Those who deny you this scholarship do not know the
meaning of those stars, but it's up to us to make them know. As a teacher in
the public schools of this city, I myself will go before the school board
and ask them to remove from our system the offer of any prizes or awards
denied to any student because of race or color."
Suddenly Miss O'Shay stopped speaking. Her clear, clear blue eyes looked
into those of the girl before her. The woman's eyes were full of strength
and courage. "Lift up your head, Nancy Lee, and smile at me."
Miss O'Shay stood against the open window with the green lawn and the tulips
beyond, the sunlight tangled in her gray hair, her voice an electric flow of
strength to the hurt spirit of Nancy Lee. The Abolitionists who believed in
freedom when there was slavery must have been like that. The first white
teachers who went into the Deep South to teach the freed slaves must have
been like that. All those who stand against ignorance, narrowness, hate, and
mud on stars must be like that.
Nancy Lee lifted her head and smiled. The bell for assembly rang. She went
through the long hall filled with students toward the auditorium.
"There will be other awards," Nancy Lee thought. "There're schools in other
cities. This won't keep me down. But when I'm a woman, I'll fight to see
that these things don't happen to other girls as this has happened to me.
And men and women like Miss O'Shay will help me."
She took her seat among the seniors. The doors of the auditorium closed. As
the principal came onto the platform, the students rose and turned their
eyes to the flag on the stage.
One hand went to the heart, the other outstretched toward the flag. Three
thousand voices spoke. Among them was the voice of a dark girl whose cheeks
were suddenly wet with tears, "...one nation indivisible, with liberty and
justice for all."
"That is the land we must make," she thought.


